Working Paper
GEM - INDIA Working Paper
Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions in India: Perception of National Experts
by: Sunil Shukla, Pankaj Bharti & Amit Dwivedi
Abstract
The Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions (EFCs) of a country plays the role of catalyst for the entrepreneurial activities. The availability of finance, government programme, market dynamics, policy measures, educational pattern and socio-cultural factors are some of the constituents of the EFCs. The present paper aims at identification of weaknesses and strengths of entrepreneurial framework conditions (EFCs) and how these conditions influence entrepreneurship development in India. The data was collected from 72 national experts. Identification of Experts was carried out as per Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) guidelines, keeping in view nine EFCs. To understand the entrepreneurial framework conditions in India, the data of GEM India 2012 was compared with GEM India 2001 and 2002 as well as with the highest ranking countries of GEM 2012. The results suggest that out of 12 conditions, only 5namely 'Financial Environment', ‘Commercial & Service Infrastructure’, ‘Market Dynamics’, ‘Physical Infrastructure’ and ‘Cultural and Social Norms’ are adequate for entrepreneurs.Though primary and secondary education is the worst valued condition,it seems to show early signs of improvement.